What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis, primarily affecting the joints. Contrary to a common misconception, it is not typically seen in children; instead, it predominantly affects adults, particularly those over 50 years of age. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, often associated with the natural aging process. Much like wrinkles and greying hair, the joints undergo changes over time. The cartilage in the joints begins to crack, wear down, and eventually erode, causing the bones to rub against each other—this condition is known as osteoarthritis.

Although age-related, osteoarthritis can also manifest in younger individuals with a genetic predisposition or a strong family history of the disease. Additionally, injuries from sports or accidents can accelerate the onset of osteoarthritis in the affected joint. Certain factors, such as being overweight or smoking, can increase the severity and likelihood of developing osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis can impact various joints but is most commonly found in the fingers, knees, hips, and lower back. Early signs in the hands and feet may include the formation of nodules, changes in the shape of the fingers, and alterations in the big toe's appearance. Unlike other forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis may not always be visible in the joints themselves but can cause noticeable symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and a grinding sensation, especially after periods of inactivity.

As the disease progresses, pain becomes more persistent, often occurring even at rest, and joint stiffness can become more pronounced. Patients may experience a sensation of joint instability, as if the joints are "giving way." In upcoming posts, we will discuss specific management strategies for osteoarthritis in different joints.